Augus Posted February 1, 2019 Share Posted February 1, 2019 Hi, My battery has been ruined. A group of cells is dead, with a voltage of 0V. The rest marks 4'3-4'4V. Do you think that the rest of the cells can be damaged by overvoltage?, is it better not to use them, and changing the whole battery? Regards. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
US69 Posted February 1, 2019 Share Posted February 1, 2019 (edited) 17 minutes ago, Augus said: Hi, My battery has been ruined. A group of cells is dead, with a voltage of 0V. The rest marks 4'3-4'4V. Do you think that the rest of the cells can be damaged by overvoltage?, is it better not to use them, and changing the whole battery? Regards. Holla! How do you check the cell voltages? Measuring each by each on the BMS? How do they got damaged, do you know that? One or both batterypacks, and each parallel system or just one of the alltogether 4 parallel systems! I personall would not use a cell which had a voltage of 4,3 or even 4,4 volts, as this damages the cell chemistry and the potential risk of failure is high in the future. But perhaps you go in some details.... Edited February 1, 2019 by US69 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Chriull Posted February 1, 2019 Share Posted February 1, 2019 10 minutes ago, Augus said: The rest marks 4'3-4'4V Interesting - always thought the BMS provides overvoltage protection on cell basis...:( 13 minutes ago, Augus said: and changing the whole battery? Is the "only" safe decission. You have some idea what could have caused this, or are the just "old"? 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Augus Posted February 1, 2019 Author Share Posted February 1, 2019 I've measured one by one, putting the tester on anode and cathode. 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Augus Posted February 1, 2019 Author Share Posted February 1, 2019 (edited) The batteries are 1 year, I don't know the reason. I usually use a 5A charger, and I always charge at 100%. The two batteries have been ruined. The two cells in a parallel group are damaged. Edited February 1, 2019 by Augus Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
US69 Posted February 1, 2019 Share Posted February 1, 2019 1 minute ago, Augus said: The batteries are 1 year, I don't know the reason. I usually use a 5A charger, and I always charge at 100% Please answer my other questions above... Also: How did you recognize they are bad? With what do you measure? I ask because its pretty uncommon for a 4,2 volt cell to hold a 4,4 volt over some time... Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
US69 Posted February 1, 2019 Share Posted February 1, 2019 7 minutes ago, Chriull said: Interesting - always thought the BMS provides overvoltage protection on cell basis...:( That makes me head scratching, too! Perhaps the BMS has a defect, thats why i asked for more infos which and how much packs/seriell System have the fault.... Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Augus Posted February 1, 2019 Author Share Posted February 1, 2019 (edited) I make a video and upload it to see how I do.. Edited February 1, 2019 by Augus Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
US69 Posted February 1, 2019 Share Posted February 1, 2019 10 minutes ago, Augus said: I make a video and upload it to see how I do.. interesting would be: Both side of the wheel? Or just one? And how much cells? We are suspicios that perhaps the damage comes from a defect Bms...so than changing the complete pack would be needed. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Augus Posted February 1, 2019 Author Share Posted February 1, 2019 (edited) Now it marks 4'3v, but 2hours ago it was 4'4v. Both batterypacks, and two cells each side (one group 2P each side). The weird thing is that it's both sides. Edited February 1, 2019 by Augus Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
US69 Posted February 1, 2019 Share Posted February 1, 2019 1 hour ago, Augus said: Now it marks 4'3v, but 2hours ago it was 4'4v. Both batterypacks, and two cells each side (one group 2P each side). The weird thing is that it's both sides. What i would do: Tell your experience to 1radwerkstatt.de Write him a english eMail, tell your story, send the video, and ask him if he is able to repair the batterypacks... He is the total expert, and perhaps he is anke just to change the defect cells. For sure he can check the BMS systems. Dont worry...if he can repair it..it will be fair prices. Thats all quite irritating..that both packs give up at the same time and both have a 2 pair cell defect or to high. If anyone can help..its him... Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Augus Posted February 2, 2019 Author Share Posted February 2, 2019 Well, in fact I've already bought a battery in '1radwerkstatt', and when I went to mount it I realized that the other was also damaged. The image is the new battery. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Augus Posted February 2, 2019 Author Share Posted February 2, 2019 He didn't tell me, and I didn't think to send him the battery to analyze it, but now that the second one is ruined, I'll tell him. 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Smoother Posted February 2, 2019 Share Posted February 2, 2019 4 hours ago, Augus said: The batteries are 1 year, I don't know the reason. I usually use a 5A charger, and I always charge at 100%. The two batteries have been ruined. The two cells in a parallel group are damaged. You all want to know why the batteries are bad? It's right here in his statement "I always charge at 100%". Don't we all know that ALWAYS charging to 100% kills the batteries? Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Seba Posted February 2, 2019 Share Posted February 2, 2019 9 hours ago, Chriull said: Interesting - always thought the BMS provides overvoltage protection on cell basis...:( Unfortunately it only provides cell balancing, but no protection on cell level Each cell has its own circuit that shunts the cell with resistor if cell voltage is at or above 4.2 V - that's all. But shunting circuit will create only a small cell load of about 50 ... 100 mA. It's enough if all the cells are in similar condition, but if one or two cells in the string are dead, it won't protect rest of cells from overcharging. Overvoltage/undervoltage protection is only battery-wide. I wish that EUC manufacturers will someday add cell voltage monitoring to their batteries. As DJI did in the case of their smart batteries. 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Augus Posted February 2, 2019 Author Share Posted February 2, 2019 (edited) 6 hours ago, Smoother said: You all want to know why the batteries are bad? It's right here in his statement "I always charge at 100%". Don't we all know that ALWAYS charging to 100% kills the batteries? Yes, I'm sure that from now on, I'm going to charge 80-90%. I already had the 'Charge-Doctor' but I didn't use it just yet. Edited February 2, 2019 by Augus Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Popular Post Chriull Posted February 2, 2019 Popular Post Share Posted February 2, 2019 (edited) 7 hours ago, Smoother said: Don't we all know that ALWAYS charging to 100% kills the batteries? It degenerates cells a bit faster, but it gives them the chance to get balanced. Especially just within 1 year there is no chance that 100% charging ruins batteries. . Edited February 2, 2019 by Chriull 4 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Seba Posted February 2, 2019 Share Posted February 2, 2019 1 hour ago, Augus said: Yes, I'm sure that from now on, I'm going to charge 80-90%. I already had the 'Charge-Doctor' but I didn't use it just yet. Probability that your battery will fail is higher when always charging to 80 - 90 % than if always charging to 100 %. It's because balancing process occurs only when cells are fully charged. This is why you should also never disconnect your charger just after the green LED goes on / fan goes off. This LED usually doesn't mean that charging is finished. This LED usually turns on when charging current drops to about 0.25 A, but that may be long before the balancing process will even start. This is why it's good to have a current meter built into the charger (or use Charge Doctor to measure the charging current). Fully charging is harmful only in elevated temperatures (well above 30 °C). Want to prolong your battery life? Use fast charging only when needed and slow charging when possible. Don't charge battery immediately after ride. Don't disconnect the charger just after the green LED turns on. Don't store fully loaded battery in temperatures above 30 °C. If using partial charging, use small charging current and charge the battery fully every fifth charging cycle. 2 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Chriull Posted February 2, 2019 Share Posted February 2, 2019 (edited) 13 hours ago, Chriull said: Interesting - always thought the BMS provides overvoltage protection on cell basis...:( 3 hours ago, Seba said: Unfortunately it only provides cell balancing, but no protection on cell level Each cell has its own circuit that shunts the cell with resistor if cell voltage is at or above 4.2 V - that's all. But shunting circuit will create only a small cell load of about 50 ... 100 mA. It's enough if all the cells are in similar condition, but if one or two cells in the string are dead, it won't protect rest of cells from overcharging. Overvoltage/undervoltage protection is only battery-wide. I wish that EUC manufacturers will someday add cell voltage monitoring to their batteries. As DJI did in the case of their smart batteries. My first statement was more a rethorical phrase showing my astonishment. I'd strongly assume/hope that KS uses "state of the art" ICs for their BMS and does not take some cheap one with just battery-wide overvoltage protection! One indication that they have cell level overvoltage protection are the reports of "old/degenerated" batteries which cannot be charged to 100% anymore (even with a functional charger) Overvoltage protection on cell basis (stopping the whole charging process) is well implemented on many BMS ICs, like copied from a datasheed here: So, as written in this specifications the cell overcharge protection voltage can be programmed in the range from 3.3 to 4.5V... So maybe KS does not "reprogram" their BMS and they come with the maximum 4.5V threshold? Or they "forgot" to adjust some charges? Or as @US69 stated the BMS had some problem at all? As far as i understand the paragraph from https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/charging_lithium_ion_batteries : " Overcharging Lithium-ion Lithium-ion operates safely within the designated operating voltages; however, the battery becomes unstable if inadvertently charged to a higher than specified voltage. Prolonged charging above 4.30V on a Li-ion designed for 4.20V/cell will plate metallic lithium on the anode. The cathode material becomes an oxidizing agent, loses stability and produces carbon dioxide (CO2). The cell pressure rises and if the charge is allowed to continue, the current interrupt device (CID) responsible for cell safety disconnects at 1,000–1,380kPa (145–200psi). Should the pressure rise further, the safety membrane on some Li-ion bursts open at about 3,450kPa (500psi) and the cell might eventually vent with flame. (See BU-304b: Making Lithium-ion Safe.)" setting some cell based overvoltage limit at 4.25-4.3V should be more than high enough - if not already too high! 21 minutes ago, Seba said: Fully charging is harmful only in elevated temperatures (well above 30 °C). Want to prolong your battery life? Use fast charging only when needed and slow charging when possible. Just a minor point - but 5A is not fast charging! If @Augus has the 840Wh ( 16s4p with 3,5 Ah cells) version of the KS16 this 5A would be just a 0.35C charge. So still considered slow charging. Even with the 680Wh version (16s4p with ~2.9 Ah cells) it would be 0.43C... 21 minutes ago, Seba said: Don't charge battery immediately after ride. Don't disconnect the charger just after the green LED turns on. Don't store fully loaded battery in temperatures above 30 °C. If using partial charging, use small charging current and charge the battery fully every fifth charging cycle. +1! .... this can't be written often enough! Edited February 2, 2019 by Chriull 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Heyzeus Posted February 2, 2019 Share Posted February 2, 2019 (edited) 11 hours ago, Chriull said: It degenerates cells a bit faster, but it gives them the chance to get balanced. 10 hours ago, Seba said: Probability that your battery will fail is higher when always charging to 80 - 90 % than if always charging to 100 %.... Want to prolong your battery life? Use fast charging only when needed and slow charging when possible. Don't charge battery immediately after ride. Don't disconnect the charger just after the green LED turns on... If using partial charging, use small charging current and charge the battery fully every fifth charging cycle. That's pretty much what I try and do. I generally charge to 85-90% and then every couple weeks let it charge to 100% and leave it on the charger for a good 6 or so hours after the green light has gone on. Hopefully it prolongs the battery life on my mcm4, On my ninebot c+ I usually just charge fully as the battery isn't that large and well, it was used and I mainly use it to try and learn new techniques(right now learning how to ride backwards a little at a time) before trying them on my main EUC so i'm not using it to commute. I don't have a fast charger so am always charging using the stock slow gotway/Segway chargers but really I don't see much need for a fast charger in my use cases. if I don't need it why stress my small battery with the higher current and heat from fast charging. I just timed how long it takes to charge my battery ten percent and now if I want to charge X percent I just figure out an estimate for how long that should take given the rough rate of charge per minute I found out and set an alarm so I stop at 85%. Works well and doesn't cost extra money or need any extra devices. I get the need for a fast charger though for people with large wheels with large batteries who commute long distances to work and need them charged by the time they leave work later. Edited February 2, 2019 by Heyzeus Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Popular Post Techos78 Posted February 5, 2019 Popular Post Share Posted February 5, 2019 (edited) On 2/2/2019 at 8:33 AM, Seba said: (...) Unfortunately it only provides cell balancing, (...) No, not always in the KS packs because bms are not always equipped with components that balance the cells. The first pack (2 packs cascaded in 16b, 2 packs in // in 16s) of my own ks16b-840Wh died also after 16 months, the voltages of 16S2P chain were: 4.17 , 4.17 , 4.17 , 4.12 , 4.16 , 4.14 , 4.15 , 4.17 , 4.17 , 4.12 , 0.00 , 4.17 , 4.17 , 4.17 , 4.17 , 4.17 total: 62.3 Volts Inside blue, 2 mosfets in // to stop the charge inside red, 2 schottky diodes in // to prevent voltage back to the port inside yellow, nothing nothing nothing, ks saved 2 € by eliminating balancing ! ! ! The different thresholds managed by the bms are about that: In packs that have no balancing, the first pair of cells that reaches the threshold "Overcharge protection" stops charging by blocking input mosfets. Not so glorious but it works pretty much. There are two evil effects: -- there is no ultimate protection, in case of failure the pack burns, the wheel burns, the room and the building burn and so on -- more seriously, the pair of cells of smaller capacity reaches the stop threshold first, but it discharges faster .. etc. The voltage variation is greater and thus aging accelerates compared to others. The effect is cumulative, and the weakest pair dies, naturally after the guarantee ... This is why the rules of the art of Li-Ion management theoretically impose a balancing, but traders prefer programmed obsolescence ... I saw that the ks18s is equipped with balancing, for others I do not know. Edited February 6, 2019 by Techos78 I add pictures 3 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Chriull Posted February 5, 2019 Share Posted February 5, 2019 @Techos78 - your attachments are unfortionately not to be seen. Best is to upload pictures to some provider like imgur.com and copy a direct link here. Afaik most BMS are providing balancing, but only very limited. The BMS have some resistors on the board and use the internal MOSFET's of the ICs. There are some that have external MOSFETS equiped to provide higher balancing currents. ... but i have (afair) never seen an original KS BMS board... Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Seba Posted February 5, 2019 Share Posted February 5, 2019 2 hours ago, Techos78 said: No, not always in the KS packs because bms are not always equipped with components that balance the cells. Yes, you're right. When I was writing about balancing I meant that BMS at most offers the function of cell balancing, but the fact is that there are BMS that do not have cell balancing, as you wrote. 2 hours ago, Techos78 said: I saw that the ks18s is equipped with balancing, for others I do not know. KS-18L and XL battery packs are equipped with bleeding balancers, but with 100 ohms shunt resistors they are able to offload only small part of charging current from the cells - just about 20 mA per cell (there are two cells in paralell served by single balancing circuit). So with such small current the BMS provide very limited balancing capabilities. Consequences are exactly as you described. 1 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Seba Posted February 5, 2019 Share Posted February 5, 2019 8 minutes ago, Chriull said: ... but i have (afair) never seen an original KS BMS board... This one is from KS-18L. There is no dedicated balancing IC, just standard circuit with voltage comparator and small transistor controlling bleeding resistor. If cell voltage raises above predefined level of, say, 4.2 V, resistor is connected in paralell to the cell by the transistor. This creates small load to the cell. Image from EcoDrift article : https://ecodrift.ru/2018/06/03/hit-2018-goda-kingsong-ks-18l-razbiraem/ 1 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Chriull Posted February 5, 2019 Share Posted February 5, 2019 18 minutes ago, Seba said: KS-18L and XL battery packs are equipped with bleeding balancers, but with 100 ohms shunt resistors they are able to offload only small part of charging current from the cells - just about 20 mA per cell (there are two cells in paralell served by single balancing circuit). So with such small current the BMS provide very limited balancing capabilities. Consequences are exactly as you described. just did a small estimate - but with an 40 Ohm bleeding resistor instead (had this somehow in my mind from some ?datasheet?). And i also "used" just one cell and not two in parallel - but as it seems with an "charging" current while balancing of 200mA even with the lower bleeding resistor the current is just halved across the cell and so it continous charging (at half the rate) as the lower voltage cells... 1 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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